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Posts Tagged ‘treatment’

Prescription Drugs Biggest Drug-Related Threat to Health and Safety

Wednesday, August 25th, 2010

Abuse of prescription drugs is the biggest drug-related threat to the health and safety of Floridians. The 2009 Florida Medical Examiner’s Report revealed that overdoses from prescription drugs kill seven Floridians each day. This is five times greater than deaths from all illegal drugs combined.

The explosion of pain clinics in Florida has contributed to the problem. Many of these are “pill mills” where drugs are traded for money. Florida has become popular for drug-seekers from other states to come and get a supply of prescription drugs. 

According to the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 70 percent of people who abuse prescription drugs get their supply from their friends and family. Other patients receive their prescription drugs from one physician. Many others “doctor shop” to receive their prescriptions for pain medication. Stolen, forged or counterfeit prescriptions are a common way addicts get their supply of prescription drugs.

In January, Florida convened a Statewide Prescription Drug Task Force made up of several state agencies and charged them with finding solutions to the problem. In conjunction with federal agencies, the Task Force has accelerated their attack on the criminal activity that often surround prescription drug use. 

A law, SB 2272, was passed that granted greater authority for health officials to regulate the pain clinics in Florida. The Prescription Drug Monitoring Program will begin in December. It will allow physicians to look at their patient’s prescription history. As a result, potential “doctor shoppers” will be discouraged.

Natural Cures to Alcoholism

Tuesday, August 24th, 2010

An extract of the kudzu vine being developed to treat alcoholism may also help to treat cocaine addiction. Tests on rats showed the drug could stop them from giving themselves cocaine. Kudzu is an old remedy for alcoholism. The vine is native to Asia and has spread across the southeastern United States after being imported to control soil erosion.

The extract can also prevent relapse after rats are weaned off cocaine. Researchers found that it works by raising levels of a compound called tetrahydropapaveroline or THP. Cocaine cravings make levels of the brain chemical dopamine increase and THP interferes with this increase.

Alcohol Taxes Save Lives

Friday, August 13th, 2010

A new study from the University of Florida found that adjusting the alcohol tax to account for inflation since 1983 would save 600 to 800 people each year. That is the number who die each year from diseases caused by chronic heavy drinking. The last time the Florida legislature increased the alcohol taxes was in 1983.

“Previous studies conducted in the United States and other countries have clearly shown that increasing alcohol taxes is associated with reduced overall consumption of alcohol as well as reduced heavy drinking. This new study shows that increasing taxes on alcohol also influences the death rate from liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, gastric diseases, some cancers, and cardiovascular diseases caused by heavy alcohol use,” said study author Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina, Ph.D

 

The study did not include deaths from car accidents, crime and violence associated with alcohol use, and therefore understates the total health effects on taxing alcohol purchases.

Cocaine Addiction Research Receives Grant

Thursday, August 12th, 2010

The director of the Center for Addiction Research at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences has received a $3.6 million grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse to study the decision-making process of cocaine users.

 

The grant will be used to fund a five-year study of the ways cocaine addicts make specific decisions. The study will use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify those parts of the brain that addicts use in making important decisions.

“We know that individuals who are cocaine dependent make risky decisions, decisions that will put them at risk for anything from auto accidents to sexually transmitted diseases,” said Warren K. Bickel, Ph.D.,  a professor in the UAMS Department of Psychiatry. “All of their decisions revolve around the drug. Now we’re going to study active users, recreational users and those who have never used cocaine to see how they make specific decisions involving risky behaviors.”

The National Institute on Drug Abuse estimates that the total costs of substance abuse is more than half a trillion dollars each year.

Banned Chemicals Lead to Sharp Fall in Treatment Admissions

Wednesday, August 11th, 2010

A new study states that the Mexican government’s recent efforts to control the production of methamphetamine have resulted in a drop in treatment admissions in Mexico and across the border in Texas.

In 2005, Mexico started controlling its imports of pseudoephedrine. In 2008, Mexico became the first country in North America to ban all imports of pseudoephedrine and ephedrine. Researchers estimate that the 2005 import controls meant a 12 percent drop in voluntary admissions for treatment for methamphetamine addiction. There were similar reductions in treatment admissions in Texas.

A commercial chemical company suspected of illicitly importing more than 60 tons of pseudoephedrine into Mexico was closed in 2007. The head of the company left Mexico but was later arrested in the United States. This closure resulted in a sharp drop in voluntary admissions for methamphetamine addiction. Methamphetamine treatment admissions in Mexico decreased by 56 percent after the company closed. Texas had a similar reduction in admissions numbers. All drops in admissions seemed to be specific to methamphetamine. The study ended shortly after the 2008 bans of the chemicals went into effect. Researchers did take note that treatment admissions in Mexico showed signs of declining in the first few months following the bans.

Influenced by Social Drinking Cues

Monday, August 9th, 2010

According to new research, genetics may decide how you are influenced by social drinking cues. These can be advertisements, drinks put on a bar, and watching other people drinking. Drinking alcohol increases dopamine levels. The dopamine D4 receptor gene has been identified as a source of motivation for rewards. Research indicates that having a specific form of this gene may be connected to craving caused by alcohol-related cues.

Researchers from Radboud University in The Netherlands wanted to investigate the role the gene plays in an individual’s response to alcohol cues.

“Carrying the DRD4 7-repeat genotype may increase the risk for extensive alcohol use of abuse when spending time with heavy drinking peers,” the report said. “Whether or not people are wired to adapt their drinking to the choice and pace of others may partly depend on their genetic susceptibility to drinking cues.”

Steps Being Made to Increase Education About Addiction to OxyContin

Sunday, August 8th, 2010

A Food and Drug Administration advisory committee voted last week to reject a proposed plan to reduce the abuse of long-acting painkillers like OxyContin. The panel included physicians and pain experts. It voted 25 to 10 against the plan, saying they did not believe it was strong enough to control the problem.

Most of the panel members voted no because the plan did not have a requirement that physicians receive training in the appropriate use of these medications. There are increasing concerns that the abuse of these drugs by physicians puts patients at risk.

FDA officials had announced a plan urging physicians to receive voluntary training that would be organized by the drug industry. The advisory panel, however, was not convinced.

“They were concerned about the voluntary nature of the training requirements,” said Dr. John K. Jenkins, the director of the office of new drugs at the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

At present, a physician must only register with the FDA to prescribe narcotic pain medications. To make training mandatory as a condition of registration would require action by Congress.

A Way to Kick Cocaine Addiction

Saturday, August 7th, 2010

New research shows that reducing the abundance of a set of microRNAs – small amounts of genetic material that influence gene expression – reduces the urge for cocaine in mice. As mice become addicted to cocaine, the brain experiences changes in gene expression. The researchers offered cocaine to mice whose neurons don’t have Ago2, an essential protein in the production and function of certain microRNAs.

Mice deficient in Ago2 consumed less cocaine. More research is needed to determine which of the 23 Ago2 dependent microRNAs control cocaine addiction in mice. The research hopes to learn whether similar pathways happen in the human brain.

Substance Abuse Center for Women

Friday, August 6th, 2010

A new drug treatment center is North Carolina’s first residential treatment facility for women offenders in the state. Governor Bev Perdue spoke proudly at the drug treatment center’s opening ceremony last week.

“I believe you can be tough on crime while you’re also being smart on crime, and that’s what we’re really about here today,” said Perdue.

The Black Mountain Substance Abuse Center for Women accepted its first resident in May. The 50-bed drug treatment center is the North Carolina Department of Corrections’ only free-standing residential facility for women offenders struggling with an addiction to drugs and alcohol. Inmates at other prisons can take advantage of substance abuse programs at the center.

Residents of the drug treatment center are either on parole after a period in prison or on probation and attending treatment as part of a court judgment. They will complete a 90-day treatment program.

Facility manager Leslie McCrory said the drug treatment center should be more effective than prison-based or outpatient programs, because it removes offenders from the environment and from people that may have encouraged their substance abuse.

The drug treatment center is a minimum-security facility that is locked only to keep people out. About a third of people entering the state’s prison system say drugs or alcohol were a major contributing factor to their crimes. The drug treatment center will reduce the chances that women who get treatment there will become repeat offenders and will stabilize family units. A good portion of the drug treatment center’s residents are mothers.

“I realize that my recovery will forever be a work in progress, one day at a time,” said Nicole Effer. “In this supportive community, we are able to learn a new way of life.”

Untreated ADHD at Higher Risk for Substance Abuse Issues

Thursday, August 5th, 2010

Methylphenidate is a stimulant used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Studies illustrate that the children and teens who benefit from the medication are less likely to abuse drugs. Children with untreated ADHD are at a higher risk for substance abuse issues.

A new study connects the benefits of methylphenidate with substance abuse treatment. Ritalin, the brand name for methylphenidate, has proved to help cocaine addicts with impulse control. Impulse control is a major factor in addiction.

Researchers from Yale University gave 10 volunteers Ritalin and then used functional MRI scans while they performed a computer task that measured impulse control. When the volunteers took Ritalin, they were better able to control their impulses than when they received a placebo of the medication. The MRI scans showed changes from Ritalin use in the areas of the brain the reflect impulse control. The change was significant in the region of the brain called the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. This area of the brain is crucial in regulating “behavioral control during emotionally difficult situations,” the study authors wrote. “And Ritalin appears to help normalize it.”